![]() In a sample of 410 bi-parental families with pre-school age children. ![]() (1) Background: The aim of the study was to explore how child’s characteristics (age, sex, and temperament) were associated with father’s involvement in child-related activities. Mothers’ intrusiveness was positively correlated with children’s externalizing problems, and fathers’ intrusiveness with children’s internalizing problems. Both mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity were negatively correlated with children’s internalizing problems. Results show that only fathers’ sensitivity and intrusiveness were significantly correlated with children’s OXT concentrations. Salivary OXT was collected by passive drooling, and quantified by radioimmunoassay, after extraction. ![]() Preschool teachers reported children’s behavioral problems using the Caregiver-Teacher Report Form. ![]() Sensitivity and intrusiveness were coded based on the videotapes of these dyadic play interactions. Salivary OXT was collected (during two separate home visits) from children after a play task with each parent. Thirty nuclear families, including both parents and one focal child, and their preschool teachers participated in the study. The present study focused on the quality of parenting behaviors (sensitivity and intrusiveness), its associations with children's levels of oxytocin (OXT), and with children's behavioral problems in the preschool context.
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